![]() ![]() Sources: National Center for Biotechnology Information Nature Lynda Coughlan, University of Maryland School of Medicine. March 26 India cuts back on exports of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, as infections surge in the country.Īpril 7 Britain says it will curb the use of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine in adults under 30, because of the risk of rare blood clots.Īpril 9 Unusual antibodies may have caused the rare blood clots in some people who received the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine.Īpril 23 Researchers are examining how components of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine might disrupt the normal blood clotting process under certain rare conditions.Īpril 26 The European Commission announces it has filed a lawsuit against AstraZeneca for breach of contract, for delays in shipping hundreds of millions of doses. March 22 Results from a large clinical trial show the vaccine has an overall efficacy of 79 percent. March 18 The European Medicines Agency says the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine is safe. March 11 Denmark, Iceland and Norway suspend the use of the vaccine because of concerns about a possible increased risk of blood clots. 3, 2021 India authorizes a version of the vaccine called Covishield, made by the Serum Institute of India. 30 Britain authorizes the vaccine for emergency use. 11 AstraZeneca announces that it will collaborate with the Russian creators of the Sputnik V vaccine, which is also made from adenoviruses.ĭec. 8 Oxford and AstraZeneca publish the first scientific paper on a Phase 3 clinical trial of a coronavirus vaccine.ĭec. 7 The Serum Institute of India announces that it has applied to the Indian government for emergency use authorization of the vaccine, known as Covishield in India.ĭec. Prime Minister Boris Johnson of Britain holds a vial of the vaccine. 12 The clinical trial resumes in the U.K. 8 The news about paused trials becomes public. Neither AstraZeneca nor Oxford announce the pause. 6 Human trials are put on hold around the world after a suspected adverse reaction in a British volunteer. 18 A Phase 3 trial of the vaccine begins in the United States, with 40,000 participants. July 30 A paper in Nature shows the vaccine appears safe in animals and seems to prevent pneumonia.Īug. June 28 A Phase 1/2 study begins in South Africa. June 23 A Phase 3 trial begins in Brazil. Some of the volunteers accidentally receive half of the intended dose. Both viruses use 9-O-acetylated sialoglycans as receptors to which they attach via spike protein S.Another envelope protein, hemagglutinin-esterase (HE), serves as a receptor-destroying enzyme. May 28 A Phase 2/3 trial of the vaccine begins in Britain. Human coronavirus OC43 arose relatively recently, presumably from a bovine coronavirus spillover. government pledges up to $1.2 billion to help fund AstraZeneca’s development and manufacturing of the vaccine. John Cairns/University of Oxford/Agence France-PresseĪpril 30 Oxford partners with AstraZeneca to develop, manufacture and distribute the vaccine. Vasa 51, 62–70 10.A vial of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. (2022) Endothelial inflammation and dysfunction in COVID-19. Sbirkov Y., Dzharov V., Todorova K., Hayrabedyan S. (2015) Human myocardial pericytes: multipotent mesodermal precursors exhibiting cardiac specificity. (2021) The SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein disrupts human cardiac pericytes function through CD147 receptor-mediated signalling: a potential non-infective mechanism of COVID-19 microvascular disease. Circulation 141, 1648–1655 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046941Īvolio E., Carrabba M., Milligan R., Kavanagh Williamson M., Beltrami A.P., Gupta K.et al. (2020) COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease. (2020) COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives. Nishiga M., Wang D.W., Han Y., Lewis D.B. Future studies are needed to determine the effect of the S protein on pericytes in other organs and evaluate the effectiveness of CD147 receptor-blocking therapies to decrease organ damage caused by the S protein.ĬD147 Receptor COVID-19 Pericytes cardiovascular disease virus spike protein. These findings support the notion that circulating SARS-CoV-2 S protein could contribute to cardiovascular disease independent of viral infection. previously determined that the S protein acting through the cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) receptor, and another unknown mechanism had detrimental effects on human cardiac pericytes (Clin Sci (Lond) (2021) 135 (24): 2667-2689. Experimental findings are demonstrating that the circulating S protein can bind to receptors resulting in inflammation and cell, tissue, and organ damage. Interestingly, the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein can be found circulating in the blood of COVID-19 patients. The SARS-CoV-2 virus that results in COVID-19 has been found to damage multiple organs beyond the lung. ![]()
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